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Learn: Why the CPU Is Essential
OCR GCSE J277 Computer Science specification
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Welcome!Today we'll explore why the CPU (Central Processing Unit) is essential in computers. You'll learn about its functions and importance step by step.
What is the CPU?The CPU is the brain of the computer. It processes instructions and carries out tasks such as calculations and decision-making. Without the CPU, a computer cannot function.
Fetch–Execute CycleThe CPU runs instructions using the fetch–execute cycle. It fetches instructions from memory, decodes them, and executes them. This cycle happens repeatedly and very quickly to ensure the computer operates efficiently.
Quick check: What does the fetch–execute cycle do?
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CPU ComponentsThe CPU has several key components:Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic and logical operations.Control Unit (CU): Directs the flow of instructions and data.Cache: A small, fast memory that stores frequently used data.Registers: Very fast storage for temporary data during processing.
The {{blank0}} is responsible for performing calculations and logic operations, while the {{blank1}} directs the flow of instructions.
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Registers and Their FunctionsRegisters are small, fast storage areas within the CPU. Important registers include:MAR (Memory Address Register): Stores the address of the memory location to be accessed.MDR (Memory Data Register): Holds the data being transferred to or from memory.Program Counter: Keeps track of the address of the next instruction.Accumulator: Stores the results of calculations performed by the CPU.
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Factors Affecting CPU PerformanceThree main factors affect the performance of a CPU:Clock Speed: The number of instructions the CPU processes per second.Cache Size: Larger cache reduces the need for slower memory access.Number of Cores: More cores allow multiple instructions to be processed simultaneously.These factors determine how fast and efficiently a CPU can operate.
Which factors affect CPU performance? (Select all that apply)
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Embedded SystemsAn embedded system is a computer within a larger device. Examples include washing machines, cars, and smart TVs. Embedded systems are designed to perform specific tasks efficiently and reliably.
Which of these is an example of an embedded system?
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Review Time!Great work! You've learned about the CPU, its components, and how it impacts computer performance. Let's test your understanding!
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The {{blank0}} cycle includes fetching, decoding, and executing instructions.
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Which of the following are examples of embedded systems? (Select all that apply)
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