Learn: Respiration and the Respiratory System in Humans

Welcome!Today we'll explore respiration and the respiratory system in humans. These processes are crucial for providing energy to cells and maintaining life. Let's dive in!

What is Respiration?Respiration is the process by which energy is released from glucose. This energy is used by cells to perform essential functions like growth, repair, and movement.

Aerobic RespirationAerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is available. It releases energy by breaking down glucose into carbon dioxide and water. This process happens in mitochondria and produces ATP (the energy currency of cells).

Anaerobic RespirationAnaerobic respiration occurs when there is no oxygen available. It produces less energy than aerobic respiration and creates lactic acid as a by-product in humans. This can lead to muscle fatigue during intense exercise.

The Respiratory SystemThe respiratory system enables gas exchange between the body and the environment. It brings oxygen into the lungs and removes carbon dioxide. Key organs include the lungs, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and diaphragm.

Gas Exchange in the AlveoliAlveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out. Their walls are thin, moist, and surrounded by capillaries to maximise gas exchange efficiency.

Effects of SmokingSmoking damages the respiratory system by harming cilia, which help clear mucus. This can lead to lung cancer, emphysema, and other respiratory diseases. Smoking also reduces oxygen absorption efficiency.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about respiration, the respiratory system, and how smoking affects it. Let's test your understanding with a few questions.