Learn: Nucleic Acids - DNA/RNA Structure and Function

Welcome!Great to see you here! You've learned about membranes, enzymes, and transport mechanisms. Now, let's build on that knowledge and explore DNA and RNA—the molecules that store and carry genetic information in living organisms.

What are Nucleic Acids?Nucleic acids are biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information. There are two main types: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic Acid). These molecules are essential for heredity and protein synthesis.

DNA StructureDNA is a double-stranded molecule shaped like a helix. Its building blocks are nucleotides, each made of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. The bases pair in a specific way: Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).

RNA StructureRNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose. Its bases include Adenine (A), Uracil (U) (replacing Thymine), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). RNA plays a crucial role in protein synthesis.

DNA ReplicationDNA replication is the process of making an exact copy of DNA. It occurs before cell division. Enzymes like DNA helicase unzip the double helix, while DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to form new strands.

Transcription and TranslationTranscription is the process where DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, where ribosomes read mRNA to assemble amino acids into proteins.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about DNA and RNA structures, replication, transcription, and translation. Let's test your understanding now.

Congratulations!You've completed the lesson on nucleic acids! Keep reviewing key terms and processes to reinforce your understanding.