Learn: Nucleic Acids - DNA/RNA Structure and Function

Welcome!You've already learned about membranes, enzymes, and transport across cells. Now, let's build on that knowledge to explore nucleic acids, which store and transmit genetic information!

What are Nucleic Acids?Nucleic acids are molecules that store and transfer genetic information. The two types are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). They are essential for the functioning of cells and the inheritance of traits.

DNA StructureDNA is a double helix structure made of two strands that twist around each other. Each strand is made of repeating units called nucleotides, which consist of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G).

RNA StructureRNA is single-stranded and also made of nucleotides. However, its sugar is ribose instead of deoxyribose, and it uses uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).

Functions of DNA and RNADNA contains the instructions for making proteins and is passed from one generation to the next. RNA helps carry out these instructions by playing a role in protein synthesis.

DNA ReplicationDNA replication is the process of creating identical copies of DNA. It happens before cell division so each new cell gets a complete copy of genetic information.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about DNA and RNA structure, their functions, and DNA replication. Now let's test your understanding!