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Learn: Energy Budgets, BMI and Waist-to-Hip Ratio
Edexcel A Level Biology SNAB A
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Welcome!You've already learned about the cardiovascular system, diet, and how macronutrients affect health. Now, let's build on that by exploring energy budgets, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratio. These concepts help us understand how energy balance affects health and fitness.
What is an Energy Budget?An energy budget refers to the balance between energy intake (calories consumed) and energy expenditure (calories used by the body). Maintaining this balance is important for a healthy weight and overall wellbeing.
Energy IntakeThe energy we consume comes from food and drink, measured in calories or kilojoules. Macronutrients like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins contribute to this energy.
Quick check: Which macronutrient provides the most energy per gram?
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Energy ExpenditureEnergy expenditure includes three main components: basal metabolic rate (BMR), physical activity, and the energy required for digestion. BMR is the energy needed for basic functions like breathing and maintaining body temperature.
The {{blank0}} is the energy needed to maintain basic bodily functions at rest.
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What is BMI?Body Mass Index (BMI) is a way of estimating body fat using weight and height. It is calculated using the formula: BMI = weight (kg) ÷ height² (m²). A healthy BMI usually falls between 18.5 and 24.9.
Match the items on the left with their correct pairs on the right
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Waist-to-Hip RatioThe waist-to-hip ratio is another measure of health. It compares the circumference of the waist to the hips. A higher ratio indicates more abdominal fat, which is linked to cardiovascular disease risks.
Match the items on the left with their correct pairs on the right
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Review Time!Great work! You've learned about energy budgets, BMI, and waist-to-hip ratios. Let's test your understanding with a few final questions.
Which of the following are components of energy expenditure? (Select all that apply)
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What BMI range is considered healthy?
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A higher {{blank0}} indicates greater abdominal fat, which increases risk of {{blank1}}.
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