Learn: CPU Components and Their Functions

Welcome!Building on your knowledge of the Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle, let's dive into the components of the CPU and their functions. These are essential for understanding how instructions are processed.

What is the CPU?The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It executes instructions and processes data. Its performance affects how fast tasks are carried out.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)The ALU performs arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction, and logical operations like AND, OR, and NOT. This is where calculations and decisions happen.

Control Unit (CU)The Control Unit directs the operations of the CPU. It fetches instructions, decodes them, and sends signals to the correct components to execute them.

RegistersRegisters are small, fast storage locations in the CPU. They temporarily hold data, instructions, and addresses during processing.

Key RegistersProgram Counter (PC): Holds the address of the next instruction to be executed.Memory Address Register (MAR): Stores the memory address of the current instruction or data being accessed.Memory Data Register (MDR): Holds the actual data fetched from or written to memory.

BusesBuses are pathways that transfer data and signals between components in the CPU. There are three types:Data Bus: Transfers actual data.Address Bus: Carries memory addresses.Control Bus: Sends control signals like read/write.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about the CPU components: ALU, CU, registers, and buses. Let's test your understanding with a few questions.