Learn: Blood Clotting and Cardiovascular Disease

Welcome!You've already learned about the heart and blood vessels, as well as the cardiac cycle and blood pressure. Now, let's explore how blood clotting works and how it relates to cardiovascular disease.

What is Blood Clotting?Blood clotting is the process by which your body seals damaged blood vessels to prevent excessive bleeding. Special proteins, called clotting factors, help this process by forming a mesh that traps platelets and red blood cells.

Platelets and Clot FormationPlatelets are small cell fragments in your blood that stick to damaged areas of blood vessels. They release chemicals that activate clotting factors, eventually forming a solid clot. This is a vital part of healing.

The Role of FibrinFibrin is a protein that forms a mesh to reinforce blood clots. When clotting factors are activated, fibrinogen (a soluble precursor) is converted into fibrin, which traps platelets and blood cells to stabilise the clot.

What is Cardiovascular Disease?Cardiovascular disease refers to conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, such as coronary artery disease, stroke, and hypertension. It often involves damage to blood vessels caused by fatty deposits or high blood pressure.

AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis is the build-up of fatty plaques in blood vessels. These plaques can narrow the arteries, reducing blood flow. If a plaque ruptures, it can trigger clot formation, leading to heart attacks or strokes.

Blood Clots and Cardiovascular DiseaseWhile blood clots are vital for healing, excessive clotting can block blood vessels. This can lead to serious conditions like heart attacks and strokes. Managing risk factors like diet, exercise, and blood pressure is crucial.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about blood clotting, fibrin, platelets, and how these relate to cardiovascular disease. Let's test your understanding with a few final questions.