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Learn: B1 - You and Your Genes
OCR TWENTY FIRST CENTURY SCIENCE BIOLOGY B Specification
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Welcome!Today we'll learn about genes, DNA, and how they determine traits. This lesson will help you understand key ideas in biology, step by step.
What is the genome?The genome is all of the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome is found inside the nucleus of cells and consists of DNA organised into chromosomes.
Quick check: Where is the genome found in human cells?
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What is DNA?DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a polymer made of nucleotides. It forms a structure called a double helix, which looks like a twisted ladder. DNA contains genetic instructions that determine traits and guide cell functions.
DNA is made of two strands coiled into a {{blank0}} shape. It contains genetic instructions stored in {{blank1}}.
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Genes and AllelesA gene is a section of DNA that determines a specific characteristic, like eye colour. Genes can have different forms called alleles. For example, an eye colour gene might have an allele for blue eyes and an allele for brown eyes.
Match the items on the left with their correct pairs on the right
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Genotype and PhenotypeGenotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, including its alleles. Phenotype is the observable characteristics, influenced by genotype and the environment.
Which term describes the observable traits of an organism?
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Protein SynthesisProtein synthesis is the process by which cells make proteins. DNA instructions are copied into mRNA, which travels to ribosomes. Ribosomes use the mRNA to assemble proteins from amino acids.
Which of the following are involved in protein synthesis?
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MutationsA mutation is a change in the DNA sequence. Mutations can create new alleles, affecting the phenotype. Some mutations have no effect, while others can lead to diseases or advantages.
A mutation is a change in the {{blank0}} sequence, which can create new {{blank1}}.
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Review Time!Great work! You've learned about DNA, genes, and how they influence traits. Let's test your understanding with a few questions.
Which of the following are true about DNA? (Select all that apply)
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What term describes the genetic makeup of an organism?
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Match the items on the left with their correct pairs on the right
Start the lesson to answer this matching question
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