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Learn: B1 You and Your Genes
OCR TWENTY FIRST CENTURY SCIENCE BIOLOGY B Specification
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Welcome!Today we'll explore 'You and Your Genes', a fascinating topic about how our genetic material determines traits and characteristics. Let's dive in!
What is the Genome?The genome is the complete set of genetic material in an organism. It contains all the instructions needed to build and maintain life. In humans, the genome is stored in the nucleus of our cells.
Where is the genome stored in human cells?
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DNA and ChromosomesDNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule made of nucleotides. It forms a double helix structure. Chromosomes are long strands of DNA, tightly coiled to fit into the nucleus. Humans have 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.
DNA is organised into {{blank0}}, which are found in the {{blank1}} of the cell.
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Genes and AllelesGenes are sections of DNA that code for specific proteins, determining traits like eye colour. Alleles are different forms of the same gene, such as the allele for blue eyes versus brown eyes.
Match the items on the left with their correct pairs on the right
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Genotype and PhenotypeGenotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism (e.g., AA or Aa). Phenotype refers to observable traits (e.g., brown eyes). The phenotype is influenced by the genotype and the environment.
Which of the following describes a phenotype?
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Protein Synthesis OverviewProteins are made in a process called protein synthesis. DNA instructions are copied into mRNA, which travels to the ribosome. The ribosome reads the mRNA and assembles amino acids into a protein.
Which are involved in protein synthesis? (Select all that apply)
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Mutations and VariantsMutations are changes in the DNA sequence. They can create new genetic variants, which might affect traits. Some mutations are harmful, while others can be neutral or even beneficial.
Review Time!Great work! You've learned about DNA, chromosomes, genes, alleles, phenotypes, and more. Let's test your understanding with a few questions.
Which of the following are true? (Select all that apply)
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Match the items on the left with their correct pairs on the right
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A {{blank0}} is a variant of a gene, while a {{blank1}} refers to observable traits.
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Well Done!You've completed the lesson on 'You and Your Genes'. Keep exploring biology to understand the incredible science of life!
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