Learn: B1 You and Your Genes

Welcome!Today we'll explore the topic of B1: You and Your Genes. This lesson will help you understand genetic material, DNA, alleles, protein synthesis, and how mutations affect organisms. Let's get started!

What is DNA?DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms. It is structured as a double helix made of two strands of nucleotides. DNA is essential because it contains the instructions for building and maintaining an organism.

Where is DNA found?In eukaryotes (organisms like humans and plants), DNA is located in the nucleus of cells. In prokaryotes (like bacteria), DNA is found in the cytoplasm and sometimes in small loops called plasmids.

What are chromosomes?Chromosomes are long strands of DNA that are tightly coiled to fit into the cell nucleus. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, which carry genes that control various traits and functions.

What are genes?Genes are specific sections of DNA that code for proteins. Proteins perform crucial roles in the body, such as building tissue, enabling chemical reactions, and defending against diseases.

What are alleles?Alleles are different versions of the same gene. For example, the gene for eye colour can have alleles for blue, brown, or green eyes. These variations can lead to differences in physical traits, known as phenotypes.

Protein Synthesis OverviewProtein synthesis is the process where cells make proteins based on genetic instructions. It involves mRNA (messenger RNA), which carries the DNA code to ribosomes, where proteins are assembled using amino acids.

What are mutations?Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence. These can occur naturally or due to environmental factors like radiation. Mutations can affect protein function and lead to variations in traits (phenotypes).

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about DNA, chromosomes, genes, alleles, protein synthesis, and mutations. Let's test your understanding with a few final questions.