“These are but shadows of the things that have been”
Ghost of Christmas PastStave 2
MemoryTimePast
Context: The Ghost explains the nature of the visions Scrooge sees.
Analysis
"Shadows" suggests memories are substantial yet intangible. They exist in an intermediate state - real but unable to be changed. The passive "have been" emphasises that the past is fixed. Scrooge can learn from but not alter what has happened.
Language Techniques:
MetaphorTensePhilosophical language
Exam Tip
Memory is central to Scrooge's transformation. The past shapes who we become but can't be undone.