Learn: CPU and the Fetch-Execute Cycle

Welcome!Today we'll learn about the CPU and the fetch-execute cycle. These are essential concepts in computer systems. Let's break them down step by step!

What is the CPU?The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is often called the 'brain' of the computer. It processes instructions and carries out tasks. Without it, computers wouldn't function!

CPU ComponentsThe CPU has key parts that work together: the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) handles calculations and logic operations, the Control Unit (CU) manages how the CPU works, and the cache provides fast memory for frequently used data.

RegistersRegisters are very fast storage areas inside the CPU. Key registers include the Memory Address Register (MAR), which holds the address of the data to be fetched, and the Memory Data Register (MDR), which holds the actual data.

Fetch-Execute CycleThe fetch-execute cycle is how the CPU runs instructions. It includes fetching the instruction from memory, decoding it, and executing it. This cycle repeats constantly while the computer is running.

Performance FactorsCPU performance depends on factors like clock speed (how fast instructions are processed), cache size (more cache means faster access to data), and number of cores (more cores can process multiple tasks at once).

Embedded SystemsAn embedded system is a computer built into another device, like washing machines or cars. These systems are specialised for specific tasks.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about the CPU, its components, the fetch-execute cycle, and performance factors. Now let's test your understanding with a few questions.