GCSE Maths Tool

Circle Theorems Cheat SheetAll 8 theorems with interactive diagrams

Master all circle theorems for GCSE Maths with clear diagrams, explanations, and exam tips. Download as PDF for offline revision.

All Circle Theorems

OABP2xx
1

Angle at the Centre

The angle at the centre is twice the angle at the circumference when subtended by the same arc.

When two points on a circle are connected to both the centre and a point on the circumference, the angle at the centre is always double the angle at the circumference.

Exam Tip: Look for triangles formed by radii. If you see an angle at the centre, halve it to find the angle at the circumference (or double if working the other way).
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2

Angles in the Same Segment

Angles subtended by the same arc at the circumference are equal.

Any angles drawn from the same chord to points on the same side of the circumference will always be equal.

Exam Tip: Look for multiple angles standing on the same chord. They will all be equal if they are on the same side of the chord.
OABP90°
3

Angle in a Semicircle

The angle in a semicircle is always 90° (a right angle).

When a triangle is drawn inside a semicircle with the diameter as its base, the angle at the circumference is always 90°. This is also known as Thales' theorem.

Exam Tip: Look for a diameter (line through the centre). Any angle drawn from the diameter to the circumference will be 90°.
ABCDxy180-x180-y
4

Cyclic Quadrilateral

Opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral add up to 180°.

A cyclic quadrilateral has all four vertices on the circumference of a circle. The opposite angles always sum to 180°.

Exam Tip: If you see a four-sided shape inscribed in a circle, immediately think: opposite angles add to 180°.
OPradiustangent90°
5

Tangent and Radius

A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact.

Where a tangent touches the circle, it meets the radius at exactly 90°. The radius is drawn from the centre to the point where the tangent touches.

Exam Tip: If you see a line touching the circle at exactly one point (tangent), draw a radius to that point - they meet at 90°.
OPABdd
6

Two Tangents from External Point

Two tangents drawn from the same external point are equal in length.

If you draw two tangent lines from a point outside the circle, both tangent segments will have exactly the same length.

Exam Tip: When you see tangents from an external point, the two tangent lengths are equal. This often creates isosceles triangles.
ABCxxtangent
7

Alternate Segment Theorem

The angle between a tangent and a chord equals the angle in the alternate segment.

The angle formed between a tangent and a chord at the point of contact is equal to the inscribed angle subtended by the chord on the opposite side.

Exam Tip: This is one of the trickiest theorems. Look for a tangent and chord meeting at the same point - the angle between them equals the angle on the other side of the chord.
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8

Perpendicular from Centre

A perpendicular line from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord.

If you draw a line from the centre perpendicular to a chord, it will cut the chord exactly in half. This works the other way too - a line from the centre to the midpoint of a chord is perpendicular to it.

Exam Tip: If given a perpendicular from the centre to a chord, the chord is bisected (split in half). Use this to find unknown lengths.

Quick Reference Summary

1
Angle at the Centre
Centre = 2× Circumference
2
Angles in the Same Segment
Same Segment = Equal Angles
3
Angle in a Semicircle
Semicircle = 90°
4
Cyclic Quadrilateral
Opposite Angles = 180°
5
Tangent and Radius
Tangent ⊥ Radius = 90°
6
Two Tangents from External Point
Equal Tangent Lengths
7
Alternate Segment Theorem
Tangent-Chord = Alternate Angle
8
Perpendicular from Centre
Centre ⊥ Chord = Bisector

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