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Learn: You and Your Genes
OCR TWENTY FIRST CENTURY SCIENCE BIOLOGY B Specification
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Welcome!Today, we'll explore 'You and Your Genes', a fascinating topic about how genetic material determines traits and functions in living organisms. Let's get started!
What is the Genome?The genome is the complete set of genetic material in an organism. It includes all the DNA found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells or plasmids and cytoplasmic DNA in prokaryotic cells.
Where is the genome located in eukaryotic cells?
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DNA StructureDNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a polymer made of nucleotides. It consists of two strands twisted into a double helix. The bases in DNA are A (adenine), T (thymine), C (cytosine), and G (guanine).
DNA is made of two strands arranged in a {{blank0}} structure, with base pairs A pairing with {{blank1}} and C pairing with {{blank2}}.
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Genes and AllelesGenes are sections of DNA that code for specific proteins, determining traits. Alleles are different forms of the same gene, which can lead to variations in traits.
Match the items on the left with their correct pairs on the right
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Protein Synthesis OverviewProtein synthesis is the process of making proteins. It involves mRNA (messenger RNA) carrying instructions from DNA to ribosomes, where proteins are assembled from amino acids.
What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
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MutationsMutations are changes in the DNA sequence. They can create genetic variants, affecting phenotype by altering proteins. Some mutations are harmless, while others can cause diseases.
Which of the following can result from mutations? (Select all that apply)
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Microscopes and Observing CellsA light microscope allows us to observe cells and their structures. It uses lenses to magnify objects, enabling us to study genetic material in cells.
What is the purpose of a light microscope in biology?
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Review Time!Great work! You've learned about genomes, DNA, genes, alleles, mutations, and more. Let's test your understanding with a few questions.
Which of the following are components of DNA? (Select all that apply)
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Mutations create genetic {{blank0}} that can affect the {{blank1}} of an organism.
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Match the items on the left with their correct pairs on the right
Start the lesson to answer this matching question
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