Learn: Waves

Welcome!Today we’ll explore waves, a fascinating topic in physics! Waves are everywhere, from sound and light to water ripples. Let’s dive in and break it down step by step.

What are waves?Waves are vibrations or disturbances that transfer energy through a medium or space. They can be divided into two main types: mechanical waves, which need a medium (like air, water, or solids), and electromagnetic waves, which do not need a medium and can travel through a vacuum.

Types of wavesWaves are classified as either transverse or longitudinal. In transverse waves, vibrations move perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer (e.g., light waves). In longitudinal waves, vibrations move parallel to the direction of energy transfer (e.g., sound waves).

Properties of wavesWaves have several key properties: wavelength (distance between two crest/troughs), frequency (number of waves per second, measured in Hz), amplitude (height of the wave, linked to energy), and speed (how fast the wave travels). These properties are crucial to understanding wave behaviour.

Wave equationThe wave equation relates wave speed, frequency, and wavelength: v = f × λ, where v is speed (m/s), f is frequency (Hz), and λ is wavelength (m). This equation helps to calculate wave properties.

Reflection and refractionWaves can reflect (bounce back when hitting a surface) or refract (change direction and speed when entering a new medium). Reflection and refraction are key in understanding behaviours like echoes and bending of light.

Review Time!Great work! You’ve learned about waves, their types, properties, and behaviours like reflection and refraction. Let’s test your understanding with a few final questions!