Learn: Types of Substance

Welcome!You've already learned about atomic structure, the periodic table, and different types of bonding like ionic bonding and covalent bonding. Now, let's explore how these concepts relate to the different types of substances.

What are Types of Substance?Substances are grouped based on the type of bonding between their particles. These bonds determine the properties of the substance, such as melting points, conductivity, and strength. Understanding these helps us predict how substances behave in different scenarios.

Properties of Ionic SubstancesIonic substances are made of positive and negative ions held together by strong electrostatic forces

Properties of Covalent SubstancesCovalent substances are formed when atoms share electrons. They can exist as small molecules (e.g., water) or giant covalent structures (e.g., diamond). Small covalent molecules usually have low melting and boiling points because the forces between the molecules are weak.

Giant Covalent SubstancesGiant covalent structures, like diamond and graphite, have very high melting points due to strong covalent bonds between atoms. For example, diamond is extremely hard because each carbon atom is bonded to four others. Graphite conducts electricity due to free electrons between its layers.

Properties of Metallic SubstancesMetallic substances are made of positively charged metal ions surrounded by a sea of free electrons. This is called the metallic bonding. It allows metals to conduct electricity and heat, and makes them malleable and ductile.

Comparing Types of SubstancesEach type of substance has unique properties due to the type of bonding. For example, ionic substances have high melting points, covalent molecules often have low melting points, and metals are good conductors of electricity.

Review Time!Well done so far! You've learned about the properties of ionic, covalent, and metallic substances. Let's test your understanding with a few questions.

Well done!You've completed the lesson on Types of Substance. You've explored their properties, examples, and how bonding influences their behaviour. Keep practising to strengthen your understanding!