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Learn: Topic 1 Development
GCSE Psychology Edexcel 1PS0
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Welcome!Today we'll explore early brain development and theories of cognitive growth in Psychology. These ideas help us understand how we learn and develop as individuals. Let's dive in!
Early Brain DevelopmentThe brain begins forming early in life. Key structures include the forebrain (thinking and emotions), midbrain (processing information), hindbrain (basic survival functions), cerebellum (movement and balance), and medulla (automatic functions like breathing). Each plays an essential role in development.
Which part of the brain controls balance and movement?
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Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive DevelopmentJean Piaget proposed four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor (birth-2 years, learning through senses), pre-operational (2-7 years, egocentric thinking), concrete operational (7-11 years, logical thinking about concrete objects), and formal operational (11+ years, abstract reasoning). He believed children develop schemas (mental frameworks) to organise knowledge.
In the {{blank0}} operational stage, children develop logical thinking about {{blank1}} objects.
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Dweck’s Mindset TheoryCarol Dweck's theory emphasises two types of mindset: fixed mindset (believing abilities cannot change) and growth mindset (believing effort leads to improvement). She suggested that praising effort over ability encourages a growth mindset, improving learning.
What does a growth mindset focus on?
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Willingham’s Learning TheoryDaniel Willingham argued that factual knowledge precedes skill development. He also stressed the importance of practice and effort in mastering skills. He suggested strategies like breaking tasks into manageable steps to improve cognitive, social, and physical development.
Piaget & Inhelder’s Three Mountains StudyThis study examined children's ability to see things from others' perspectives. Younger children were more egocentric and struggled to describe views other than their own, while older children showed improved perspective-taking. This supported Piaget's stages of cognitive development.
Match the items on the left with their correct pairs on the right
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Review Time!Great work! You've learned about brain development, Piaget's stages, Dweck's mindset theory, and Willingham's learning strategies. Let's test your understanding.
Which of the following are true? (Select all that apply)
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Match the items on the left with their correct pairs on the right
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A {{blank0}} mindset believes abilities are fixed, while a {{blank1}} mindset focuses on effort to grow.
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