Learn: The Periodic Table

Welcome!Welcome to today's lesson on The Periodic Table! You've already learned about atomic structure, so you'll now discover how elements are organised and what makes the periodic table an essential tool for chemists. Let's dive in!

What is the Periodic Table?The Periodic Table is a chart that organises all known elements based on their properties. It groups elements by their atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical behaviours. This arrangement helps us predict how elements will react and interact with each other.

Groups and PeriodsThe table is divided into Groups (vertical columns) and Periods (horizontal rows). Groups contain elements with similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell. Periods represent the number of electron shells in the atoms.

Periodic TrendsThe periodic table is designed to show trends in the properties of elements. For example, as you move down a group, elements tend to become more reactive. As you move across a period, the number of protons in the nucleus increases, which affects the atomic radius and ionisation energy.

Metals, Non-metals, and MetalloidsThe periodic table can be divided into metals, non-metals, and metalloids. Metals are found on the left and centre of the table, non-metals on the right, and metalloids (elements with properties of both metals and non-metals) form a 'stair-step line' between metals and non-metals.

How is the periodic table organised?The periodic table is organised by increasing atomic number (number of protons in an atom). Elements are grouped based on their chemical properties and the number of electrons in their outer shell.

Periodic Table GroupsSome groups have special names based on their properties. For example, Group 1 contains alkali metals, which are very reactive. Group 7 contains halogens, and Group 0 contains noble gases, which are inert and rarely react.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about the organisation and trends of the periodic table, as well as groups like metals, non-metals, and noble gases. Let's review what you've learned with a few questions!

Great job!You've completed the lesson on the periodic table. Remember to review your notes regularly and practise applying your knowledge to different questions. Well done!