Learn: The Challenge of Natural Hazards

Welcome!Today we'll explore natural hazards, a key topic in Geography 8035 GCSE (AQA). We'll break it down step by step and learn how these hazards affect people and the environment.

What are Natural Hazards?Natural hazards are extreme natural events that cause harm to people, damage to property, and disruption to communities. Examples include earthquakes, floods, and tropical storms. These events are significant because they impact lives, economies, and the environment.

Factors Affecting Hazard RiskHazard risk is influenced by factors like population density, building quality, and preparedness. Additionally, physical factors like the location of tectonic plate boundaries or climate conditions play a role.

Tectonic HazardsTectonic hazards occur due to movements of the Earth's plates. These include earthquakes and volcanoes, which mostly occur near plate boundaries. Plate tectonics theory explains how the Earth's crust is divided into plates that move over the mantle.

Types of Plate MarginsThere are three main types of plate margins: constructive margins, where plates move apart; destructive margins, where plates collide; and conservative margins, where plates slide past each other. Each type creates specific hazards and landforms.

Effects of Tectonic HazardsTectonic hazards have primary effects, like building collapse and injuries, and secondary effects, like fires or tsunamis. The severity depends on the location, population density, and preparedness.

Reasons for Living at RiskPeople live in areas prone to hazards for various reasons. Fertile soils near volcanoes help farming, geothermal energy generates electricity, and tourism brings economic benefits. Some may stay due to cultural ties or lack of alternatives.

Monitoring and Predicting HazardsHazards like earthquakes and volcanoes can be monitored using seismometers, satellite imagery, and gas sensors. Prediction helps save lives by enabling evacuation, but it’s not always accurate or possible for every hazard.

How Can We Reduce Risk?We can reduce hazard risk through protection (e.g., earthquake-resistant buildings), planning (e.g., evacuation routes), and education (teaching people how to respond). These steps can limit damage and save lives.

Review Time!Great job! You've learned about natural hazards, plate margins, effects, and risk reduction strategies. Let's test your understanding with some review questions!