Learn: The Causes of World War One

Welcome!Today we'll explore the causes of World War One, a key topic in Paper 1 Section B: Conflict and Tension, 1894–1918. We'll break it down step by step and help you understand the events that led to the outbreak of war.

What caused World War One?World War One began in 1914 and was caused by a combination of long-term and short-term factors. These include militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism. We will also look at the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which acted as the immediate trigger for the war.

MilitarismMilitarism is when countries build up their armed forces and military power. Before World War One, European powers like Germany and Britain competed to have the strongest armies and navies, increasing tensions.

AlliancesCountries formed alliances to protect themselves. These were agreements between nations to support each other in case of war. By 1914, two main alliances existed: the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) and the Triple Entente (Britain, France, and Russia). Alliances increased the risk of war because if one country was attacked, its allies had to get involved.

ImperialismImperialism is when countries expand their empires by taking control of other territories. Before World War One, major powers competed for colonies, especially in Africa. This led to rivalry and conflict between countries like Britain, France, and Germany.

NationalismNationalism is a strong sense of pride in one's country and belief in its superiority. Before the war, nationalism led to increased tensions as countries competed for power and their people supported aggressive policies. Nationalism also led to demands for independence from groups like the Serbs in Austria-Hungary.

The Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandThe assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was the immediate cause of World War One. He was killed on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip, a member of a Serbian nationalist group called the Black Hand. Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia and declared war, triggering the alliances.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about the causes of World War One, including militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Let's test your understanding with some final questions.

Well done!You now understand the main causes of World War One. Remember to use the PEEL structure when answering exam questions and include specific names, dates, and terms. Great job and keep practising!