Learn: States of Matter

Welcome!Today we'll explore the topic of States of Matter in Chemistry. You'll learn about the arrangement, movement, and energy of solids, liquids, and gases, as well as how substances change between these states.

What are the States of Matter?There are three main states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. These states describe how particles are arranged, how they move, and how much energy they have. Understanding these is essential for studying chemical and physical changes.

Particle Arrangement and MovementIn a solid, particles are tightly packed in a fixed arrangement, and they only vibrate in place. In a liquid, particles are close together but can move past each other, allowing liquids to flow. In a gas, particles are far apart and move randomly at high speeds, filling the space available.

Energy in States of MatterThe amount of energy particles have affects their movement. In solids, particles have low energy and vibrate in place. In liquids, particles have more energy and can move around each other. In gases, particles have the highest energy and move rapidly, spreading out to fill their container.

Changing StatesSubstances can change between states of matter when energy is added or removed. Melting occurs when a solid becomes a liquid, and freezing happens when a liquid becomes a solid. Evaporation turns liquids into gases, while condensation turns gases into liquids. These changes involve particle movement and energy exchange.

Solvent, Solute, and SolutionA solvent is the substance that dissolves another substance, while a solute is the substance being dissolved. Together, they form a solution. A saturated solution occurs when the solvent cannot dissolve any more solute.

Investigating SolubilitySolubility is the amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature. It is measured in grams per 100 grams of solvent. To study solubility, you can investigate how much solute dissolves at different temperatures and plot a solubility curve to show the relationship.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about states of matter, how substances change states, and key terms like solubility, solvent, solute, and solution. Now let's test your understanding of these concepts.