Learn: Respiration and the Respiratory System

Welcome!Today we'll explore respiration and the respiratory system. This topic is all about how your body gets energy from food and oxygen, and how your lungs help with this. Let's dive in!

What is respiration?Respiration is the process by which energy is released from glucose so that cells can perform their functions. This energy is stored in a molecule called ATP, which acts like a battery for the cell. There are two types of respiration: aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen).

Aerobic RespirationAerobic respiration requires oxygen and happens in the mitochondria of cells. It breaks down glucose to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water. The word equation for aerobic respiration is: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy.

Anaerobic RespirationAnaerobic respiration happens when there is not enough oxygen available. Instead of carbon dioxide and water, it produces lactic acid and less energy. This can lead to an oxygen debt, which is the extra oxygen needed to break down the lactic acid after exercise.

The Respiratory SystemThe respiratory system is responsible for bringing oxygen into your body and removing carbon dioxide. The main parts include the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs, diaphragm, ribs, and intercostal muscles.

Gas Exchange in the AlveoliGas exchange happens in the alveoli. Oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the blood, while carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled. Alveoli are adapted for this by being thin, moist, and having a large surface area.

Effects of SmokingSmoking damages the respiratory system. The chemicals in smoke destroy the cilia (tiny hairs that remove mucus) and cause mucus to build up, which can lead to lung infections. Smoking also increases the risk of lung cancer and diseases like emphysema.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about respiration and the respiratory system. Let's test your understanding with a few final questions.