Learn: Probability

Welcome!Today we'll explore the concept of Probability, a key topic in iGCSE Mathematics. Probability helps us understand the likelihood of different outcomes in uncertain situations. Let's dive in!

What is Probability?Probability is the measure of how likely an event is to happen. It is expressed as a number between 0 and 1, where 0 means an event is impossible, and 1 means an event is certain.

Key Probability Terms- Event: Something that happens, e.g., rolling a dice or flipping a coin.- Sample Space: All possible outcomes of an event.- Probability Scale: A scale from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain). For example, the probability of flipping a coin and getting heads is 0.5.

Calculating ProbabilityThe probability of an event happening is calculated using the formula:Probability = (Number of favourable outcomes) ÷ (Total number of possible outcomes). For example, rolling a 4 on a six-sided die has a probability of 1 out of 6.

Types of ProbabilityThere are different types of probability:- Theoretical Probability: Based on what is expected logically (e.g., rolling a fair die).- Experimental Probability: Based on actual experiments or observations (e.g., flipping a coin 100 times and recording the results).

Venn Diagrams in ProbabilityVenn diagrams are useful for understanding the relationships between different events. They show overlapping areas when events can happen together, and separate areas when events are independent.

Tree DiagramsTree diagrams are used to display all possible outcomes of a sequence of events. Each branch represents an outcome, and the probabilities are written along the branches.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about Probability, including its definition, types, and tools like Venn diagrams and tree diagrams. Now, let's test your understanding with a few questions.