Learn: Particle Model of Matter

Welcome!Today we'll explore the exciting topic of the Particle Model of Matter. We'll learn how particles behave in different states of matter and their importance in understanding the physical world.

What is the Particle Model?The Particle Model explains that all matter is made up of tiny particles. These particles are constantly moving and behave differently depending on the state of matter: solid, liquid, or gas. It helps us understand properties like density, shape, and compressibility.

States of MatterThere are three main states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. In solids, particles are tightly packed and vibrate in place. In liquids, particles can move past each other but remain close. In gases, particles move freely and are far apart.

DensityDensity is the mass of a substance per unit volume (measured in kg/m3). It tells us how tightly packed the particles are in a material. Solids generally have higher densities than liquids, and gases have the lowest densities.

Changes of StateMaterials can change between states (solid, liquid, gas) through processes like melting, freezing, boiling, and condensation. These processes occur due to changes in temperature or pressure. For example, ice melts into water when heated above 0°C.

Specific Heat CapacitySpecific Heat Capacity is the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C. It's calculated using the formula: Q = mcΔT, where Q is energy transferred, m is mass, c is specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

Internal EnergyInternal Energy is the total energy stored in a system's particles, including both their kinetic energy and potential energy. Heating a substance increases its internal energy, affecting its temperature or causing a change of state.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about the particle model, density, specific heat capacity, and internal energy. Now let's test your understanding with a few final questions.