Learn: Operating Systems

Welcome!Welcome to our lesson on Operating Systems. This topic is all about understanding the software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and helps other programs run smoothly. Let's explore how they work!

What is an Operating System?An Operating System (OS) is software that acts as a bridge between a computer's hardware and its users. It manages resources like memory, storage, and input/output devices while allowing applications to run effectively. Without an OS, your computer wouldn't function properly.

Functions of an Operating SystemAn OS performs several key tasks: managing files, running applications, handling user input, and ensuring security. It provides the interface you use to interact with your computer, such as Windows, macOS, or Linux.

Types of Operating SystemsThere are different types of OS depending on the purpose and device. Some examples include: Desktop OS (e.g., Windows 11, macOS), Mobile OS (e.g., Android, iOS), and Embedded OS (e.g., car systems or IoT devices).

Key Components of an Operating SystemOperating systems are made up of several components:Kernel — The core part of the OS that manages hardware and software communication.User Interface (UI) — Allows users to interact with the computer, e.g., through a graphical interface or command line.File System — Organises and stores files on storage devices.Drivers — Enable the OS to communicate with hardware like printers and keyboards.

Why are Operating Systems Important?Operating Systems make it possible for computers to run applications and perform tasks. They ensure that resources are used efficiently and provide security, protecting your data from unauthorised access.

Examples of Operating SystemsCommon examples of operating systems include:Windows — A popular OS for personal computers.macOS — Apple's OS for Mac devices.Linux — An open-source OS used for servers and personal use.Android — A mobile OS used on smartphones and tablets.iOS — Apple's mobile OS for iPhones and iPads.

Review Time!Great work! We've covered Operating Systems, their functions, key components, and types. Let's test your understanding with a few review questions!