Learn: Methods and Techniques in Literature

Welcome!Welcome back! You've already explored how to approach the Unseen Poetry question. Today, we'll build on that foundation by learning about key methods and techniques that writers use to convey their ideas and create meaning in their work.

What are Methods and Techniques?In literature, methods and techniques refer to the tools and strategies that writers use to shape meaning and impact readers. These include elements of language, form, and structure. Understanding these methods will help you analyse texts more deeply and develop strong responses.

Language TechniquesWriters use language techniques to influence our emotions or thoughts. Common techniques include imagery (descriptive language that appeals to the senses), metaphor (comparison without using 'like' or 'as'), and alliteration (repetition of initial consonant sounds).

Form and StructureForm is the type of text, such as a poem, novel or play. It influences how the story is told. Structure refers to the way a text is organised, including chapters, stanzas, or the sequence of events. Writers use structure to create effects, such as suspense or surprise.

Identifying TechniquesTo analyse a text, look for techniques like juxtaposition (placing contrasting ideas or images close together), symbolism (using an object or image to represent a bigger idea), and repetition (repeating words or phrases for emphasis).

How Techniques Enhance MeaningWhen analysing a text, always ask: What effect does the technique have? For example, an author might use repetition to emphasise a key idea or juxtaposition to highlight contrasts between characters or themes.

Using Methods and Techniques in AnalysisWhen writing your analysis, follow the WHAT–HOW–WHY structure. Start with a clear point (WHAT), identify the method used (HOW), and explain its effect or meaning (WHY). Include a short, relevant quote to support your point.

Zooming In: Analysing Key WordsAfter identifying a quote, you can zoom in on a key word. Think about its connotations (associated ideas or feelings) and its effect on the reader. This shows detailed analysis and impresses examiners.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about key methods and techniques, and how to use them effectively in your analysis. Now let's test your understanding of what we've covered.