Learn: Memory

Welcome!Today we'll be learning about Memory, a fascinating topic in psychology that explains how we process, store, and retrieve information. Let’s dive in!

What is Memory?Memory refers to the process of taking in information, storing it, and retrieving it when needed. It helps us learn, make decisions, and remember events, facts, or experiences.

Information ProcessingMemory works like a computer and is often explained through the information processing model. This includes three main stages: input (taking in information from our senses), processing (organising and understanding the input), and output (using or recalling the processed information).

Types of MemoryMemory is divided into short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). STM is where information is stored temporarily (up to 30 seconds) and has a limited capacity of about 7 items. LTM stores information for longer periods, potentially forever, and has an unlimited capacity.

Bartlett’s Theory of Reconstructive MemoryBartlett’s theory of reconstructive memory suggests that memory is not like a video camera. Instead of recording events exactly as they happen, we reconstruct memories based on our schemas (mental frameworks based on past experiences). This means our memories can be influenced by our beliefs, expectations, and prior knowledge.

Bartlett’s Study: War of the GhostsIn Bartlett’s study, participants read a story called ‘War of the Ghosts’. He found that when recalling the story, people changed details to fit their own cultural expectations or omitted certain details. This supports the idea that our memory is reconstructive and influenced by our schemas.

Multi-Store Model of Memory (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968)The multi-store model describes memory as having three stores: the sensory register (briefly holds sensory information), short-term memory (temporarily holds information), and long-term memory (stores information for long periods). It emphasises the importance of attention and rehearsal in transferring information between these stores.

AmnesiaAmnesia is the loss of memory caused by damage to the brain, illness, or other factors. There are two main types: retrograde amnesia (difficulty recalling past memories before the event) and anterograde amnesia (difficulty forming new memories after the event).

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about memory, including its processes, types, theories, and disorders. Let’s test your understanding with some final questions!