Learn: Introduction to Algebra

Welcome!Today we'll dive into Algebra, one of the most important topics in iGCSE Mathematics. You'll learn how to work with algebraic expressions, equations, and solve problems step by step. Let's get started!

What is Algebra?Algebra is a branch of mathematics where we use letters (like x, y, and z) to represent numbers. These letters are called variables. Algebra allows us to solve problems by finding unknown values using equations and relationships between numbers.

Key Terms in AlgebraLet's look at some important terms you'll encounter:Expression - A combination of numbers, variables, and operations (e.g., 3x + 5).Equation - A mathematical statement showing that two expressions are equal (e.g., 3x + 5 = 11).Variable - A symbol, usually a letter, used to represent an unknown number (e.g., x).Coefficient - The number in front of a variable (e.g., 3 in 3x).

Simplifying Algebraic ExpressionsTo simplify an algebraic expression, combine like terms. Like terms have the same variable raised to the same power. For example, in the expression 3x + 2x, the terms 3x and 2x are like terms, so you can add them together to get 5x.

Expanding BracketsWhen you see brackets in an expression, you can expand them by multiplying the term outside the bracket with each term inside. For example, 2(x + 4) becomes 2x + 8.

Solving Linear EquationsTo solve a linear equation, you need to find the value of the unknown variable. For example, in the equation 3x + 5 = 11, subtract 5 from both sides, then divide by 3 to find x = 2.

Factorising ExpressionsFactorising means breaking down an expression into its factors. For example, 6x + 9 can be factorised as 3(2x + 3) because 3 is a common factor of both terms.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about algebraic expressions, equations, and factorising. Let's test your understanding with a few final questions.

Final ThoughtsWell done! You've learned key concepts in algebra, including variables, expressions, equations, and factorising. Keep practising to build confidence in solving algebraic problems!