Learn: Functions of the CPU

Welcome!I've reviewed your growth areas and created this lesson to help you strengthen your understanding of the functions of the CPU. We'll explore key concepts, break them down step-by-step, and include practice questions to solidify your learning!

What is the CPU?The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer. It performs calculations, runs instructions, and processes data to make the computer function. Without it, the computer cannot execute any tasks.

The Fetch-Decode-Execute CycleThe CPU carries out instructions using the Fetch-Decode-Execute (FDE) cycle. This cycle involves three stages:Fetch: The CPU retrieves an instruction from memory.Decode: The CPU interprets what the instruction means.Execute: The CPU carries out the instruction.This cycle repeats continuously to process tasks.

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is part of the CPU that performs calculations and logical operations. For example, it can add numbers, compare values, or check conditions like 'greater than'. It works alongside other components to execute instructions.

The Control Unit (CU)The Control Unit (CU) directs the flow of data and instructions within the CPU. It manages the timing of operations and ensures all components work together efficiently.

RegistersRegisters are small storage spaces within the CPU. They temporarily hold data, instructions, and addresses during processing. Examples include the Program Counter (PC), which keeps track of the next instruction, and the Memory Address Register (MAR), which stores the address of the memory location to access.

Clock SpeedClock speed is the rate at which the CPU can process instructions, measured in Hertz (Hz). A higher clock speed means the CPU can execute more cycles per second, making it faster at completing tasks.

CacheCache is a small, fast memory located inside the CPU. It stores frequently accessed data to speed up processing. Larger caches can improve performance by reducing the time spent retrieving data from slower memory.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about the CPU's components and how they work together to process instructions. Let's test your understanding of these key concepts.