Learn: Forces and Their Effects

Welcome!You've already learned key concepts of physics, motion, forces, and energy. Now, let’s explore how forces affect objects and systems in the real world.

What Are Forces?A force is a push or pull that acts on an object due to an interaction. Forces can change the speed, direction, or shape of an object. They’re measured in newtons (N).

Types of ForcesForces can be contact forces, like friction or tension, or non-contact forces, like gravity and magnetic forces. Each type affects objects differently.

Resultant ForceA resultant force is the overall force acting on an object when all individual forces are combined. If forces are balanced, the resultant force is zero, and the object remains stationary or moves at constant speed. Unbalanced forces cause acceleration or deceleration.

MomentsA moment is the turning effect of a force. It depends on the size of the force and the distance from the pivot. Moments are measured in newton-metres (Nm).

PressurePressure is the force acting per unit area. The formula is Pressure = Force ÷ Area. If the area decreases, pressure increases for the same force.

Elasticity and Hooke’s LawElasticity refers to how materials stretch and return to their original shape. Hooke’s Law states that the extension of a spring is proportional to the force applied, as long as the elastic limit isn’t exceeded.

Review Time!Great work! You’ve learned about forces, resultant forces, moments, pressure, and elasticity. Let’s test your understanding with a few review questions.