Learn: Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes

Welcome!Today we’ll explore eukaryotes and prokaryotes. These are two major types of cells found in living organisms. Let’s break them down step by step!

What are Cells?Cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms. They come in different types, but they all share certain features, such as a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material. Let’s look at the two main types of cells: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic cells are complex cells that contain a nucleus (which holds genetic material) and other specialised structures called organelles. Examples include animal and plant cells.

Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotic cells are simpler cells that do not have a nucleus. Their genetic material is free-floating in the cytoplasm. Bacteria are examples of prokaryotic cells, and they are much smaller than eukaryotic cells.

Key DifferencesOne major difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is the presence of a nucleus in eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells also tend to be smaller and simpler, while eukaryotic cells can form multicellular organisms.

Microscopic SizesProkaryotic cells are usually between 1-10 micrometres, while eukaryotic cells are larger, ranging from 10-100 micrometres. Their size affects how we study them under a microscope.

Organelles in Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic cells contain organelles such as mitochondria (which produce energy), ribosomes (which make proteins), and vacuoles (which store substances). These structures help the cell carry out specialised functions.

Review Time!Well done! You’ve learned about eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, their differences, and the importance of organelles. Now let’s check your understanding with a quick review.