Learn: Eukaryotes & Prokaryotes

Welcome!Today we'll learn about eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. These are the two main types of cells that all living organisms are made of. Let's explore their similarities and differences step by step!

What are Eukaryotes?Eukaryotes are organisms made of eukaryotic cells. These cells have a nucleus that contains their genetic material (DNA). Examples of eukaryotic organisms include plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

What are Prokaryotes?Prokaryotes are organisms made of prokaryotic cells. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. Their genetic material is found as a single loop of DNA, which floats freely in the cytoplasm. Bacteria are an example of prokaryotic organisms.

Key DifferencesThere are structural differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells:Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex, with membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and the nucleus.Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler, with no membrane-bound organelles. They may have structures like plasmids (small loops of DNA) and flagella for movement.

Examples of OrganismsProkaryotes include bacteria, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli). Eukaryotes include animals, plants, and fungi, like humans, oak trees, and mushrooms.

Cell SizeProkaryotic cells are usually smaller (0.1–5 μm) than eukaryotic cells (10–100 μm). This size difference is important because smaller cells have simpler structures and fewer functions, while larger cells can perform more complex processes.

Organelles in Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic cells contain specialised structures called organelles, such as mitochondria (for energy production) and chloroplasts (for photosynthesis in plants). These organelles allow the cell to carry out specific functions efficiently.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, their differences, and examples of organisms. Now let's test your understanding with a few questions.