Learn: Eukaryotes - Plants and Animals

Welcome!Welcome back! You've already learned about the characteristics of living things and their life processes like nutrition, respiration, and excretion. Now, we'll explore the fascinating world of eukaryotes, specifically plants and animals. Let's get started!

What are Eukaryotes?Eukaryotes are organisms made up of cells that have a nucleus and other specialised structures, called organelles, enclosed within membranes. This makes them different from prokaryotes, which lack a nucleus. Examples of eukaryotes include plants, animals, fungi, and protoctists.

Plant CellsPlant cells are a type of eukaryotic cell. They have unique features, including a cell wall made of cellulose, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a large central vacuole for storing water and nutrients. These adaptations help plants produce their own food and maintain their structure.

Animal CellsAnimal cells are also eukaryotic, but they differ from plant cells. They lack a cell wall and chloroplasts, but they have centrioles, which are involved in cell division. Animal cells are specialised for different functions, such as muscle contraction, carrying oxygen, and transmitting nerve signals.

Cell DifferentiationCell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialised for specific functions. For example, root cells are adapted to absorb water and minerals, while nerve cells are specialised to transmit signals. This allows eukaryotic organisms to perform complex functions.

Eukaryotic OrganellesEukaryotic cells contain specialised structures called organelles. For example, the nucleus contains genetic material, while the mitochondria produce energy through respiration. These organelles work together to help the cell function properly.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about eukaryotes, their key differences, and the roles of organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, and vacuole. Now let's test your understanding with a few questions.