Learn: Enzymes and Their Functions

Welcome!Today we'll explore the fascinating world of enzymes, essential biological molecules that catalyse reactions in living organisms. Let's break it down step by step!

What are Enzymes?Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body, such as digestion and respiration, without being used up themselves. They are vital for maintaining life processes.

The Active SiteAn enzyme has a specific region called the active site, where the substrate (the molecule it acts upon) binds. The active site is like a 'lock' that fits a specific 'key' (substrate).

How Enzymes WorkEnzymes work by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction. This means reactions happen faster and more efficiently.The process involves the substrate binding to the enzyme's active site, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. The enzyme then converts the substrate into the product.

Temperature and EnzymesEnzymes work best at their optimum temperature. Too much heat can cause them to lose their shape, a process called denaturation, making them ineffective.

pH and EnzymesEnzymes also work best at their optimum pH. Extreme pH levels can change the enzyme's shape, reducing its effectiveness or denaturing it completely.

Factors Affecting Enzyme ActivityEnzyme activity depends on various factors:Temperature — Too high or low reduces activity.pH — Extreme pH levels denature enzymes.Substrate concentration — More substrates increase the reaction rate until all enzymes are occupied.

Enzyme Practical: Investigating FactorsIn experiments, you can test enzyme activity using specific substrates and conditions, like temperature or pH. For example, investigating how temperature affects the breakdown of starch by amylase.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about enzymes, active sites, factors affecting enzyme activity, and more. Now let's test your understanding with some review questions.