Learn: Enzymes

Welcome!Today we'll learn about enzymes. These biological catalysts speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. Let's explore how they work and why they're essential.

What are enzymes?Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biological systems. They speed up reactions without being used up themselves. This allows processes like digestion, respiration, and DNA replication to occur efficiently.

How do enzymes work?Enzymes work by binding to specific molecules called substrates. The substrate fits into an area on the enzyme called the active site, forming an enzyme-substrate complex. This lowers the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.

Factors affecting enzyme activityEnzyme activity is influenced by several factors, including temperature, pH, and substrate concentration. Too high or too low temperatures or pH levels can denature the enzyme, changing its shape and preventing it from functioning.

Enzyme specificityEnzymes are highly specific. Each enzyme usually catalyses one type of reaction or works on one type of substrate. This is known as the lock and key model, where the enzyme and substrate fit together like a lock and key.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about enzymes, their function, and factors affecting their activity. Now let's test your understanding with a few questions.

Well done!You’ve completed the lesson on enzymes. Keep practising to solidify your understanding of how they work!