Learn: Cognitive Approach - Assumptions and Memory

Welcome!Today we'll learn about the Cognitive Approach, focusing on its assumptions and key concepts related to memory. This will help you understand human behaviour as information processing. Let’s get started!

What is the Cognitive Approach?The Cognitive Approach focuses on how humans process information, similar to how computers work (input, processing, output). It suggests our behaviour is influenced by mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving.

Key AssumptionsThe Cognitive Approach has two main assumptions:Information processing: Behaviour is based on how we take in, interpret, and respond to information.Computer analogy: Our brain works like a computer with inputs (stimuli), processing (thoughts), and outputs (behaviour).

Memory StoresMemory is divided into three main stores:Sensory memory: Holds information briefly (less than a second) from our senses.Short-term memory: Temporarily holds information for a few seconds to minutes (limited capacity).Long-term memory: Stores information for longer durations, potentially a lifetime.

Reconstructive MemoryReconstructive Memory suggests that we do not store exact copies of experiences. Instead, we use schemas (mental frameworks) to fill in gaps. This can lead to errors such as confabulation (adding false details), shortening (leaving out information), and rationalisation (making events logical).

Priming and ScriptsCognitive Priming refers to how exposure to certain stimuli influences behaviour. Types include:Repetition priming: Familiarity from repeated exposure.Semantic priming: Related meanings activate responses (e.g., doctor and nurse).Associative priming: Linked concepts trigger memory (e.g., bread and butter).Cognitive Scripts are mental frameworks for behaviour in specific situations, like knowing what to do in a restaurant.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about the Cognitive Approach assumptions, memory stores, reconstructive memory, priming, and scripts. Let’s review with a few questions.