Learn: Cognitive Approach Assumptions and Key Concepts

Welcome!Today we’ll explore the Cognitive Approach in psychology, focusing on its assumptions and key concepts. Let’s break it down step by step!

What is the Cognitive Approach?The Cognitive Approach views behaviour as a result of information processing. It uses the computer analogy to explain how we input, process, and output information, similar to how computers work. This helps us understand how the mind works and why we behave the way we do.

Memory StoresMemory consists of three key stores: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Each has different characteristics:Sensory memory holds information briefly (milliseconds).Short-term memory stores information for seconds to minutes.Long-term memory stores information for extended periods, potentially a lifetime.

Remembering InformationWe remember using recognition (e.g., identifying answers in a multiple-choice test), recall (retrieving information without prompts), and cues (hints that help retrieval, like smells or sounds).

Reconstructive MemoryReconstructive memory suggests that our memories aren’t perfect. Instead, we use schemas (mental frameworks) to fill gaps. This can lead to shortening (leaving out details), rationalisation (adding logic), and confabulation (filling in gaps with false details).

Cognitive PrimingCognitive priming prepares us for certain behaviours or thoughts based on prior experiences. Types include repetition priming (improved performance from repetition), semantic priming (related meanings), and associative priming (linked concepts).

Cognitive BiasesWe often make errors in thinking called cognitive biases. Examples include the fundamental attribution error (blaming others’ behaviour on personality, not situation) and confirmation bias (favouring information that agrees with our beliefs).

Review Time!Great work! You’ve learned about the Cognitive Approach. Now let’s test your understanding with a few review questions.