Learn: Cognitive Approach Assumptions and Concepts

Welcome!Today we'll explore the cognitive approach in psychology. This topic helps us understand how mental processes influence behaviour. Let's break it down step by step!

What is the Cognitive Approach?The cognitive approach studies how we process information, similar to how computers work. It focuses on mental processes like memory, perception, and problem-solving. This approach is important because it explains how our thoughts guide our actions.

Key AssumptionsThe cognitive approach has two main assumptions: 1. Behaviour occurs as a result of information processing, meaning our brain interprets and responds to information like input, processing, and output. 2. The computer analogy compares the brain to a computer, emphasising the idea of input (taking in information), processing (thinking or storing it), and output (acting on it).

Memory StoresThe cognitive approach explains memory stores, which are places where we process and hold information. These include: 1. Sensory memory (briefly holds information we sense, like sights and sounds). 2. Short-term memory (stores small amounts of information for a short time). 3. Long-term memory (stores larger amounts of information for longer periods).

Reconstructive Memory and SchemaReconstructive memory explains how we remember by piecing together information, sometimes changing it. A schema is a mental framework based on experience that helps us organise and interpret information. Schemas can lead to memory errors, such as confabulation (adding details), shortening (leaving out details), or rationalisation (making details fit expectations).

Cognitive PrimingCognitive priming happens when exposure to certain stimuli influences later behaviour. Types of priming include: 1. Repetition priming (responding faster to repeated stimuli). 2. Semantic priming (related words trigger faster responses, like 'dog' and 'cat'). 3. Associative priming (linked ideas, like 'beach' and 'sand').

Cognitive BiasesCognitive biases are errors in thinking that affect decisions and judgements. Examples include: 1. Fundamental attribution error (blaming someone's behaviour on personality instead of situation). 2. Confirmation bias (looking for evidence to support beliefs while ignoring other evidence). 3. Hostile attribution bias (assuming others have hostile intentions).

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about cognitive assumptions, key concepts like memory stores, schemas, and biases. Now let's test your understanding with a few final questions.