Learn: Cognitive Approach Assumptions

Welcome!Today we'll explore the Cognitive Approach in psychology. This approach focuses on how the brain processes information, similar to how a computer works. Let's dive in!

What is the Cognitive Approach?The Cognitive Approach views behaviour as a result of information processing in the brain. It uses a computer analogy: input (information from the environment), processing (thinking and decision-making), and output (behaviour). This approach helps psychologists understand memory, learning, attention, and problem-solving.

Memory Stores and Their CharacteristicsMemory is divided into three stores: sensory, short-term, and long-term memory. Each has unique features:Sensory memory: Briefly holds information from the senses (e.g., sights, sounds).Short-term memory: Temporarily stores information for about 20-30 seconds; limited capacity.Long-term memory: Stores information indefinitely; vast capacity.

How We RememberRemembering involves processes like recognition (identifying something seen before), recall (retrieving information from memory), and cues (triggers that help access memories). For example, recognising a familiar face or recalling a phone number.

Reconstructive Memory and SchemaReconstructive memory means we don't remember events exactly as they happened. Instead, we reconstruct them based on schemas, which are mental frameworks or expectations shaped by experience. This can lead to changes like shortening, rationalisation, or even adding details (confabulation).

Cognitive Priming and ScriptsCognitive priming prepares us to respond in certain ways based on repeated exposure, semantic links, or associations. Cognitive scripts are mental templates for behaviour, like knowing how to act in a restaurant or at school.

Cognitive BiasesCognitive biases are errors in thinking that affect judgement. Examples include:Fundamental attribution error: Overemphasising personality traits rather than situational factors.Confirmation bias: Focusing on information that supports existing beliefs.Hostile attribution bias: Interpreting others' actions as aggressive.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned key concepts from the Cognitive Approach, such as memory stores, schemas, cognitive priming, and biases. Now let's test your understanding with a few questions.