Learn: Cognitive Approach Assumptions

Welcome!Today we'll explore the Cognitive Approach. This approach looks at how humans process information and how this affects behaviour.

What is the Cognitive Approach?The Cognitive Approach focuses on mental processes such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving. It sees behaviour as a result of information processing, much like a computer processes data.

Key Assumptions of the Cognitive ApproachThis approach has two main assumptions:Behaviour is explained as information processing, similar to a computer (input, processing, output).We interpret information based on schemas, memories, and cognitive processes, which influence our behaviour.

Memory StoresThe Cognitive Approach explains memory using three types of stores:Sensory memory: Holds information briefly (a few seconds), such as sights and sounds.Short-term memory: Stores information temporarily (around 15–30 seconds) before it is either forgotten or transferred to long-term memory.Long-term memory: Stores information for extended periods, often indefinitely, and has a large capacity.

Memory ProcessesThere are three main processes of memory:Encoding: Converting information into a form that can be stored.Storage: Retaining information for future use.Retrieval: Accessing stored information when needed.

Reconstructive Memory and SchemasReconstructive memory suggests that we don't store information exactly as it happens. Instead, we reconstruct it based on our schemas, which are mental frameworks shaped by experience. This can lead to errors like confabulation (adding details) or rationalisation (making stories logical).

Cognitive PrimingCognitive priming occurs when exposure to a stimulus influences how we respond to a later stimulus. For example, seeing a word repeatedly may make it easier to recall later. Types of priming include:Repetition priming: Repeated exposure makes it easier to process.Semantic priming: Words with similar meanings prime each other.Associative priming: Related concepts, like 'doctor' and 'nurse,' prime each other.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about the assumptions of the Cognitive Approach, memory, schemas, reconstructive memory, and cognitive priming. Let’s review what you know!