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Learn: Chemical Bonds
AQA GCSE Chemistry 8462 specification
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Welcome!Today we'll explore chemical bonds, which hold atoms together in molecules and compounds. You'll learn about the different types of bonding and how they affect the properties of substances. Let's get started!
What are Chemical Bonds?Atoms bond together to form molecules or compounds. A chemical bond is the force that holds atoms together. There are three main types of bonding: ionic, covalent, and metallic. Each type has unique properties and occurs in different types of substances.
Ionic BondingIonic bonding occurs when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, forming positive and negative ions. These oppositely charged ions attract each other, creating a strong bond. Ionic compounds, like sodium chloride (NaCl), often form crystal lattices and have high melting points.
Quick check: What happens in ionic bonding?
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Covalent BondingCovalent bonding occurs when atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer shell. This bond forms between non-metal atoms. For example, water (H2O) has covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Covalent compounds often have low melting points and exist as gases or liquids at room temperature.
Quick check: Which type of bonding involves sharing electrons?
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Metallic BondingMetallic bonding occurs in metals. Metal atoms lose electrons, forming positive ions. These ions are surrounded by a 'sea of electrons' that move freely. This type of bonding explains why metals conduct electricity, are malleable, and have high melting points.
In metallic bonding, the atoms are surrounded by a sea of {{blank0}} that allows metals to conduct {{blank1}}.
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The Properties of MaterialsDifferent types of bonding affect the properties of materials. For example, ionic compounds are brittle and have high melting points. Covalent substances can be gases, liquids, or solids with low melting points. Metals have high melting points and conduct electricity well due to free electrons.
Match the items on the left with their correct pairs on the right
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Review Time!Great work! You've learned about ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding. Now let's test your understanding with a few questions.
Which of the following statements about ionic compounds are correct? (Select all that apply)
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Covalent bonding involves atoms {{blank0}} electrons to achieve full {{blank1}} shells.
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Match the items on the left with their correct pairs on the right
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Great job!You’ve successfully learned about chemical bonds. Keep reviewing these concepts to strengthen your understanding. Well done!
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