Learn: Cells - Structures, Functions, and Plant vs Animal Cells

Welcome!Building on your knowledge of levels of organisation, we’ll explore how cells are structured, their functions, and the differences between plant and animal cells. Understanding cells is essential because they are the basic units of life!

What are cells?Cells are the smallest unit of life. They make up all living organisms and carry out vital functions. While all cells share certain features, there are key differences between plant and animal cells that help them perform specialised tasks.

Key structures and their functionsCells contain organelles, which are specialised structures that perform specific functions. Some are shared between plant and animal cells, while others are unique. Let’s look at each one:

Plant vs Animal CellsBoth plant and animal cells share many organelles, but plant cells have some additional structures:Plant cells have a cell wall for support and protection. Animal cells do not.Plant cells contain chloroplasts, which are used for photosynthesis.Plant cells have a large vacuole that stores water and nutrients, while animal cells may have smaller vacuoles.

Cell differentiationNot all cells are the same. Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialised to perform specific functions. For example, red blood cells carry oxygen, while nerve cells transmit signals. This is important for the development and functioning of complex organisms.

Stem cells and their importanceStem cells are undifferentiated cells that can become specialised. They are useful in medicine for treating diseases like diabetes or repairing damaged tissues. However, there are ethical concerns about their use, especially embryonic stem cells.

Movement of substances in cellsCells take in and remove substances through processes like diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. These processes allow nutrients, gases, and waste to move in and out of cells.

Review Time!Great work! You’ve learned about cell structures, their functions, and the differences between plant and animal cells. Let’s review everything now.