Learn: Cells as the Basic Unit of Life

Welcome!Today, we're exploring cells, the fundamental unit of life. This lesson is tailored to help you understand how cells work and why they are essential to living organisms.

What are Cells?Cells are the smallest structural and functional units of life. They are the building blocks of all living organisms, providing organisation and enabling complex processes like energy production, reproduction, and response to the environment.

Cell Structure OverviewAll cells have certain structures, such as the cell membrane, which controls what enters and leaves the cell, and cytoplasm, where chemical reactions occur. In addition, many cells contain a nucleus that stores genetic information.

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic CellsCells can be categorised into two main types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, are simpler and lack a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells, found in plants and animals, are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

The NucleusThe nucleus is the control centre of eukaryotic cells. It holds the genetic material (DNA) that directs the cell's activities, such as growth and reproduction. Prokaryotic cells, however, store their DNA in the cytoplasm.

Organelles in Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic cells contain specialised structures called organelles. For example, the mitochondria generate energy, and the ribosomes help produce proteins. These organelles work together to keep the cell functioning properly.

Cell SpecialisationCells are often specialised to perform specific functions. For instance, red blood cells transport oxygen, while nerve cells transmit signals. Specialisation allows multicellular organisms to function more effectively.

Review Time!Well done! You've learned about cell structure, types of cells, organelles, and specialisation. Let's test your understanding with a few questions.