Learn: Cell Biology - Microscopy and Cell Structure

Welcome!Today we'll explore Cell Biology, focusing on microscopy and cell structure. Let's break it down step by step and make it easy to understand.

What is microscopy?Microscopy is the use of microscopes to view small objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye. It allows us to study cells and their structures in detail. This is crucial for understanding how cells work and interact.

Types of microscopesThere are two main types of microscopes:Light microscopes: Use light and lenses to magnify objects. They are good for viewing living cells but cannot show very small structures.Electron microscopes: Use beams of electrons for greater magnification and resolution. They help view tiny details like organelles.

Cell structureCells are the basic units of life. They contain structures called organelles, which perform specific functions. There are two main types of cells:Prokaryotic cells: Simple cells without a nucleus. Example: bacteria.Eukaryotic cells: Complex cells with a nucleus and organelles. Example: plant and animal cells.

Organelles in eukaryotic cellsEukaryotic cells have specialised structures:Nucleus: Contains DNA and controls cell activities.Mitochondria: Produces energy through respiration.Chloroplasts: Found in plant cells, where photosynthesis occurs.Ribosomes: Make proteins needed for the cell.

Specialised cellsSome cells are adapted for specific functions. Examples include:Red blood cells: Carry oxygen using haemoglobin.Root hair cells: Absorb water and minerals in plants.Nerve cells: Transmit electrical signals in the body.

Transport mechanismsCells move substances in and out using:Diffusion: Movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration.Osmosis: Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane.Active transport: Movement of substances against a concentration gradient using energy.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about microscopy, cell structures, organelles, specialised cells, and transport mechanisms. Let's test your understanding with a few final questions.