Learn: Cell Biology - Cell Structure and Function

Welcome!Today we'll learn about cell structure and function. This is an important topic in biology because cells are the building blocks of all living organisms. Let's explore it step by step!

What are cells?Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. Every living organism is made up of cells, whether it's a single-celled organism like bacteria or a multicellular organism like humans.

Types of cellsThere are two main types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, are simpler and lack a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells, like plant and animal cells, have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Structures in animal and plant cellsBoth animal and plant cells contain common organelles like the nucleus (controls activities and contains DNA), mitochondria (site of respiration), and cell membrane (controls what enters/exits the cell). Plant cells also have unique features like a cell wall (provides support), chloroplasts (site of photosynthesis), and a large vacuole (stores nutrients and water).

MicroscopyMicroscopes are essential for studying cells because most are too small to see with the naked eye. There are two main types: light microscopes (used in schools) and electron microscopes (provide higher magnification and resolution).

Cell division - MitosisMitosis is the process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. It's important for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Mitosis involves stages like prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Transport mechanismsCells exchange substances with their surroundings through processes like diffusion (movement of particles from high to low concentration), osmosis (water movement through a semi-permeable membrane), and active transport (movement of substances against a concentration gradient using energy).

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about cell structure, microscopy, cell division, and transport mechanisms. Let's test your understanding with a few more questions.