Learn: Cell Biology

Welcome!Today we'll learn about Cell Biology. This includes studying cell structure, functions, and processes like division and transport. Let's get started!

What are cells?Cells are the basic units of life. All living organisms are made of cells, which carry out essential functions to sustain life. There are two main types: prokaryotic (simple cells like bacteria) and eukaryotic (complex cells like animal and plant cells).

Cell organellesOrganelles are specialised structures within cells that perform specific functions. Examples include:Nucleus – Contains genetic material and controls cell activities.Mitochondria – The site of respiration, providing energy.Ribosomes – Produce proteins.Chloroplasts – Found in plant cells, where photosynthesis occurs.

MicroscopyMicroscopes are used to study cells and their structures. The two main types are:Light microscopes – Useful for observing large structures like nuclei. They are affordable and easy to use.Electron microscopes – Provide detailed images of smaller structures like ribosomes, but are expensive and require training.

Cell divisionCells divide through mitosis, producing two identical cells for growth and repair. Another type, meiosis, creates four non-identical cells for reproduction.

Transport mechanismsCells move substances in and out using three key processes:Diffusion – Movement of particles from high to low concentration (e.g., oxygen entering cells).Osmosis – Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane.Active transport – Movement against the concentration gradient, requiring energy (e.g., root hair cells absorbing minerals).

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about cell structure, microscopy, division, and transport mechanisms. Let's test your understanding with a few questions.