Learn: Carbohydrates and Lipids in Diet and Health

Welcome!Great to see you back! Building on your knowledge of the cardiovascular system, we'll explore how carbohydrates and lipids affect diet and health. This will help you understand their roles in energy production and cardiovascular disease.

What are Carbohydrates?Carbohydrates are organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are the body's main source of energy, broken down into glucose during digestion. Complex carbohydrates like starch provide slow-releasing energy, while simple sugars like glucose offer quick energy boosts.

What are Lipids?Lipids include fats and oils, made of glycerol and fatty acids. They are a concentrated energy source and play a role in cell membranes, insulation, and hormone production. Saturated fats are linked to cardiovascular disease, while unsaturated fats are healthier.

How do Carbohydrates and Lipids Affect Health?Excess carbohydrates can be stored as fat, leading to obesity and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Saturated fats contribute to plaque build-up in arteries, increasing blood pressure and the likelihood of heart attacks. Unsaturated fats, found in foods like fish and olive oil, can reduce cholesterol levels.

Energy ProductionCarbohydrates are broken down into glucose for immediate energy, while lipids are stored for long-term energy. Lipids release more energy per gram than carbohydrates but take longer to metabolise. This is why athletes rely on carbohydrates for quick energy during exercise.

Dietary RecommendationsA balanced diet includes complex carbohydrates, unsaturated fats, and limited saturated fats. For example, whole grains, fruits, nuts, and fish promote heart health, while sugary snacks and fatty meats should be eaten sparingly.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about the roles of carbohydrates and lipids in diet and health. Let's test your understanding with some final questions.