Learn: B1 You and Your Genes

Welcome!Today we'll explore the fascinating world of genes and genomes. This topic helps us understand how our genetic material shapes who we are and how life works on a molecular level.

What is the genome?The genome is the entire genetic material of an organism. It includes all the DNA that carries the instructions needed for growth, development, and functioning. In humans, it's found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Chromosomes and GenesChromosomes are long molecules of DNA, tightly coiled to fit inside the nucleus. Each chromosome contains many genes, which are specific sections of DNA that code for proteins. These proteins determine the traits and functions of an organism.

DNA StructureDNA is a polymer made up of nucleotides. It forms a double helix structure, with two strands twisted together like a spiral staircase. The bases in DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). A pairs with T, and C pairs with G. This pairing is the basis of the genetic code.

Alleles and TraitsAlleles are variant forms of the same gene. For example, the gene for eye colour may have alleles for blue or brown eyes. Your genotype is the combination of alleles you inherit, and your phenotype is how those alleles express themselves, influenced by your environment.

MutationsMutations are changes in the DNA sequence. They can occur naturally or due to environmental factors like radiation. Mutations may change the protein produced, potentially altering an individual's traits or health.

Protein SynthesisProteins are made by linking amino acids together in a process called polymerisation. DNA provides the instructions, and mRNA carries the code to the ribosomes, where proteins are assembled.

Review Time!Great work! You've learned about genomes, DNA, chromosomes, genes, and more. Let's test your understanding with a few questions.