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Learn: B1 You and Your Genes
OCR TWENTY FIRST CENTURY SCIENCE BIOLOGY B Specification
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Welcome!Today we'll explore the fascinating topic of genes and DNA. This lesson is tailored to help you understand how genetic material works and why it is important in biology.
What is the genome?A genome is the complete set of genetic material in an organism. It contains all the information needed for an organism to grow, develop, and function. In humans, the genome is stored in the nucleus of cells.
Where is genetic material found?In eukaryotic cells, genetic material is stored in the nucleus. In prokaryotic cells, it is found in the cytoplasm as circular DNA and plasmids. This difference reflects how complex organisms are organised.
Where is genetic material stored in eukaryotic cells?
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What are chromosomes?Chromosomes are long strands of DNA tightly coiled around proteins. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell, containing all the genes we inherit from our parents.
What is DNA?DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a polymer made of nucleotides. It forms a double helix structure, like a twisted ladder. DNA carries genetic instructions using four bases: A, T, C, and G.
Which base pairs with Adenine (A) in DNA?
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What are genes?Genes are small sections of DNA that code for specific proteins. These proteins determine traits such as eye colour or blood type.
Genes are sections of {{blank0}} that code for {{blank1}}.
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What are alleles?Alleles are different versions of the same gene. For example, the gene for eye colour may have alleles for blue or brown eyes.
Match the items on the left with their correct pairs on the right
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Review Time!Great work! You've learned about genomes, DNA, chromosomes, genes, and alleles. Let’s test your understanding with a few questions.
Which statements are true about DNA? (Select all that apply)
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Match the items on the left with their correct pairs on the right
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Which term describes different versions of the same gene?
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Well done!You’ve successfully completed the lesson on genes and DNA. Keep practising to deepen your understanding of genetics!
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