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Learn: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
AQA GCSE Chemistry 8462 specification
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Welcome!Today we'll explore atomic structure and the periodic table. This is an essential topic in GCSE Chemistry, and we'll break it down step by step!
What is Atomic Structure?Atomic structure refers to how atoms are built. An atom consists of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus, while electrons orbit around it.
Subatomic ParticlesProtons are positively charged, neutrons have no charge, and electrons are negatively charged. The number of protons determines the element and is called the atomic number.
What is the charge of a neutron?
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What are Isotopes?Isotopes are atoms of the same element, with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. This means they have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
Match the items on the left with their correct pairs on the right
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Electronic ConfigurationsElectrons are arranged in shells around the nucleus. The first shell holds up to 2 electrons, and the second and third hold up to 8 each. For example, sodium has an electronic configuration of 2,8,1.
In an atom, electrons are arranged in {{blank0}} around the nucleus, with the first shell holding up to {{blank1}} electrons.
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The Periodic TableThe Periodic Table organises elements by increasing atomic number. Elements in the same group have similar properties, and those in the same period share the same number of electron shells.
What determines the order of elements in the periodic table?
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Development of the Periodic TableThe periodic table was first arranged by Dmitri Mendeleev, who grouped elements based on their properties and left gaps for undiscovered elements. Later, it was updated to organise elements by atomic number rather than atomic mass.
What are the features of the modern periodic table? (Select all that apply)
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Review Time!Great work! You've learned about atomic structure, subatomic particles, isotopes, electronic configurations, and the periodic table. Let's test your understanding with some final questions.
Which subatomic particle determines the atomic number?
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Which of the following are features of isotopes? (Select all that apply)
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The number of {{blank0}} in an atom's nucleus determines its atomic number, while the sum of protons and {{blank1}} gives its mass number.
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Match the items on the left with their correct pairs on the right
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